How to choose erhu July 27, 2010
What is erhu?
What constitutes
erhu?
what the principal erhu wood better?
What is mahogany?
What features mahogany? Mahogany for? How the value of mahogany?
old mahogany what is it? Zhang’s long mahogany it?
What is rosewood? Red sandalwood red sandalwood and big leaf leaflet What difference?
lobular red sandalwood is said to become extinct long ago, why shop everywhere?
Ebony
it? What is it and rosewood relationship?
pear and rosewood name so close, they will be no different?
ebony what is it? Expensive?
What is wood? What is the relationship it mahogany?
grass mahogany that? Mahogany it?
so much wood, how to identify? What is the value of their order? About the cost?
What kind
Qin Pishi good? The more black the better?
Qin axis of good wood or bronze medals?
recent selection of an erhu my father, but I was a stranger happens, not only will not pull the erhu, erhu do not know what is good, so I decided to first go around, listen to stores 忽悠 忽悠!
today’s New Year’s Day, did not expect a musical instrument shop by a festive atmosphere, the fire business incredibly dispensers are also very enthusiastic, and in his erhu on the endless. . . . . . But I’ve been to several stores, the total was out faint, then opening my mind was filled with many problems. After the turn of the few do not want to sub, ready to go back to doing the homework
What is the erhu?
To select erhu first to solve the \
literal meaning: pull strings with two outs, so called the erhu
Category: Ethnic Latin Strings
History: started in the Tang Dynasty, as erhu, which originated in ancient China as early as the northern part of a minority, then called \Contained in the Tang Dynasty poet Cen Shen \
Use: In the past, erhu and more for the folk music genre, or folk songs, opera accompaniment; in the 1920s, began as a solo instrument erhu on stage.
characteristics: focus on alt field performance, sound close to the human voice, high emotional expressiveness
erhu composition 【1】: qin tube, piano bar, piano leather, pegs, strings, bow bar, extremely heavy, piano keys and the bow hair, Cento
【Fig 1】 qin tube
A qin tube: It is an important part of the erhu, the sliding movement through the arch, clean leather piano string vibration after the pronunciation of resonator. Qin tube texture and shape of the volume and sound quality have a direct impact. Generally produced with a rosewood or mahogany. The shape of a hexagon, octagon, round, round, etc., after the former star anise, used the hexagonal. Qin tube mounted behind the window of an audio (usually carved Kihana window), not only on the qin tube played a decorative role, but pronunciation, voice and filter sound transmission have certain advantages.
【Fig 2】 Qin Paper
B Qin skin: Skin to and snake skin has two types of Skin to be better. It is important to the pronunciation of Erhu body vibration source is the key to the sound quality and volume has a direct impact. Mang skin scales larger, better sound.
【3】 piano bar graph
C piano bar: is the Erhu of the pillars of the trunk. Not only play the supporting role with the next pick, but the overall vibration has a certain impact on pronunciation. Piano bar material produced some of sandalwood, ebony or mahogany. More general use of mahogany. Redwood cheap, has a certain tensile strength.
【Fig 4】 Qin axis
D Qin axis: there are upper and lower (also a Steinway piano Zhen), adjust the pitch from the role of the gel string tied on the shaft, tied under the shaft twist Waixian. Qin axis and mechanical axis of two wooden shaft, both advantages and disadvantages. After the wooden shaft tuning stability, and easy to run strings out of tune, but sometimes intensifying to tuning difficult. Mechanical axis tuning fast and comfortable, pitch Ye Hao, but production quality is not completely cross the border, sometimes appears loose, sliding phenomena, easily lead to run strings out of tune.
Qin axis types: copper and wood Zhen Zhen
【Figure 5】 fiddlestick
E fiddlestick: Erhu sounds is an important tool, rod and the bow hair from the bow of two parts. Bow rod is made of thin black bamboo false, thickness should be moderate. Hard and soft and flexible arch rods will directly affect performance results. Useful nylon hair bow before and horse hair, and more with a pony tail and the white horse is the best, followed by dark horse tail. Usually tied with a thin solid black bamboo on the cauda equina, one end of the screw with live (bow fish) is used to adjust the tightness of the bow hair.
F strings: violin sound body is also one of the sound source with one of the Erhu. The merits of its quality, directly affects the sound effects. Currently there are two strings: one is the metal strings with good tension, good sound, good intonation and high sensitivity is divided aluminum and silver string of two strings, the best silver string; the other is the String , it sends the sound softer than metal strings fine, but the position is weak, poor intonation and easy to break strings, and variable tone. Now they use a metal string.
【6】 extremely heavy line graph
G jin: also known as the daughter, played on the erhu strings role of fixed and cut strings. On the pitch have a certain influence. It is cotton, silk, glass, plastic and other materials. Its various forms, there are fixed extremely heavy, wound jin, jin and other metals. Is more commonly used wound jin.
】 【Figure 7 qin code
H Qin code: is the skin between the piano strings with a medium body vibration, play an important role on the pronunciation. It uses material are wood, bamboo, metal and paper, common section wooden loose horse, maple Trojan. Wood Song Festival horse wood is soft, mellow sound, Honesty, hard and soft maple Trojan moderate, soft sound, less noise.
I Cento: a piano and the end of care, play a decoration, the role of stabilizing the piano. Some care is also equipped with two adjustable end Huqin care, with nylon buckle adjustment, playing more convenient. See 【Fig 1】 【2】 The base part of Figure
learn more about composition than the Erhu, the following describes the various components of the purchase under the key factors:
1. except for the bamboo bow, the strings for the metal, hair bow for the cauda equina system, qin tube side of the Skin to Meng, the other parts are wooden. Therefore, the choice of wood is the key to purchasing Erhu
qin tube timber requirements: high density, sound will be firm, crisp texture and not rigid, vibration will be good, can produce good resonance, resonant sound good until soft, sweet voice will sound . So the best qin tube is high density but the texture crisp.
2. python skin: Skin to obtain materials, more expensive, is whether the sweet sound of the key components in order to clear bright color, scale patterns, smooth and with oil, Bo Hou moderate for the top grade. Richmond Skin to the Bo Hou and elastic sound of the erhu great influence on the vibration slowly through thick, thin is too thin easy to sound out the noise; kept too tight, the sound is hard or loose Richmond partial collapse is easy to sound insensitive, In general, the new Python Piemonte qin tube tight little is better to start with a little vegetable oil when rubbed in the leather, pull-End Qin Qin Ma after the pressure in the skin, not loose strings, pull a day after two to three months playing the piano elastic skin tension can be achieved moderate, then, be prepared by a length and qin tube horizontal length of the pencil generally used piano in the frame after the piano in the strings to reduce the horse below the pressure on the film, keeping the best film good tension state. Also, if purchased in the South to the North using the piano, to choose leather loose side tension; in the north to the south used piano purchase, to choose leather tension tight, and dry climate in northern China, southern climate humid climate film by impact will lead to great changes.
3. piano bar: piano bar is the erhu support body, to a significant tension with the strings, wood must be good to use a complete wood turnings into the middle is not a boil, but not splicing, they are liable to Deformation and fracture. Piano bar in the past are round, with the widespread use of steel strings, string tension increased, now to be able to bend the flat generally circular cross-section shape as quail eggs, piano bar is normally 830 mm standard length , long piano bar easily bent, string tension is too short not affect the sound.
4. Chin-axis: piano axis wood-shaft, screw-type mechanical axis, two axes have advantages and disadvantages, but the proposed election of the wooden shaft. After the wooden shaft tuning stability, and easy to run strings out of tune, but sometimes intensifying to tuning difficult. Mechanical axis tuning fast and comfortable, pitch Ye Hao, but production quality is not completely cross the border, sometimes appears loose, sliding phenomena, easily lead to run strings out of tune.
5. fiddlestick: Erhu fiddlestick is composed of arch bar and hair bow, and bow bamboo rod is baked, the bow is a lock of hair in a pony tail arc from the bow pointed towards the lesser curvature of the bow roots in the tail Department, bow fish or animal bones are generally made of organic glass, fixed in the bow screws tight on the pine for the adjustment, the entire bow rod pale saddle. Fiddlestick Erhu performance is a key tool for pronunciation, it greatly influenced the quality of the playing, the bow stroke thickness, weight, length, although with different likes, but they can not be too much, too light too weak rules foam; too rough is too heavy clumsy, tone noise; long is not easy to control; too short then long tone affect performance, therefore, is about 850 mm long generally is appropriate, the use of materials with the old red bamboo, bamboo and water hyacinth reed bamboo river to a small section, uniform thickness for the top grade, the bow tip and root bend the bow to moderate, curved it is difficult to control; curved bow grip small the impact of the flexible fingers. With white horse hair bow for the top grade. Select Bows In addition to the previous note about problems, depends on whether the cauda equina was neatly combed, and the tail is firmly connected things improperly, many new bow purchased off with a moment later on can not be used for pine is in the purchase Bows did not pay attention to this issue. In addition, when used in time to adjust to climate change with the tightness of cauda equina, with the finished tail to loosen the screws to keep the bow rod in good condition. Mawei a dip on oil to wipe rosin is not, must not be touched by hand in a pony tail to keep the bow hair clean. Rosin have to use special Huqin Song Hong or rub the bow hair violin rosin, the rosin can not be hot on the qin tube, this easily the noise, pull up to rosin foam flying piano strings and piano James poles in the impact of exchange to and playing the treble. Not easy to wipe on new fiddlestick rosin, rosin-free rolling of some pieces on the bow hair, rosin should wash wipe, not polished too much time, usually two to three hours to play violin after a suitable clean.
6. Cento: Cento is a mat in the qin tube below the wooden tray, the heavier hardwood production, erhu has Cento, which enable the piano and more stable in the leg, which greatly facilitates skills under the bit to play and increased volume.
7. qin code: piano strings voice code is transmitted to the qin tube of the key components, it’s good or bad pronunciation, volume, size plays an important role. Qin made many yards of material for decades, people qin codes for a variety of production test, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, have now been produced using maple and pine section of the Bridge, bottom round or oval , height 1 cm, bottom width of 1.5 cm, the upper horizontal width of 1 cm. Code generally agreed that the two piano sounds soft, pure sound quality. Of course, the pronunciation is good or bad depends not only on Erhu Bridge, it is good or bad with the qin tube of wood, coating of thickness, elastic, weather, Teenage, air, wet, dry, well-being are directly related. Therefore, the Qin code may rest some more equipment (wood, bamboo, bone, plastic, until the different climatic conditions to be adjusted, as to the circumstances in which the piano with the horses to make their own experience. Close to the piano code The following must also plug in between strings and the film a small piece of flannel or blanket to do with sound pad system, it can solve the erhu’s \The thickness, size should be moderate, excessive thickness affected the volume is too thin does not work.
key factor in the above purchase, in addition to wood, the rest have been introduced relatively wide, and the following discussion will focus on wood,
This is also the focus of this article.
what the principal erhu wood better?
mention wood, really a big issue, involving botany, physics, chemistry, as well as archeology, aesthetics, music and so on. In answering this question need to introduce the knowledge of plant taxonomy. 【Some people may have been anxious to read here, do not worry, the problem will always be resolved, if you previously only vaguely aware of the erhu, read here already know what is the erhu, erhu key factor in the composition and selection of the】. Not described here, plant taxonomy, see the following URL:
What is mahogany?
GB mahogany 5 genera and 8 classes of 33 species, following a map, covering almost all the wood erhu
】 【Figure 8 GB Redwood
1, Pterocarpus
a, red sandalwood
sandalwood red sandalwood (India) that India lobular red sandalwood, and only the presence of a red sandalwood, red sandalwood all other classes are rosewood, sandalwood non-real
b, rosewood class
sandalwood more Cambodia (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand)
Andaman rosewood (India, Andaman Islands)
hedgehog red sandalwood (tropical Africa)
Indian rosewood (mainly produced in India, Myanmar, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan Introduction and cultivation)
large fruit red sandalwood (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos)
cystic rosewood (India)
birds foot red sandalwood (South East Asia South Peninsula)
2, Dalbergia
a, incense sticks of wood
drop sandalwood incense (Hainan)
b, black ebonylike wood type
knife-like black Dalbergia (Myanmar)
black Dalbergia (Southeast Asia and Yunnan, China)
broadleaf Dalbergia (India, Indonesia, Java)
Romer black Dalbergia (Madagascar)
black rosewood, East Africa (Eastern Africa)
black rosewood, Brazil (Brazil)
Dalbergia
Amazon (Brazil)
Dalbergia Belize (Belize)
c, red ebonylike wood type
Brazilian rosewood, (tropical Asia)
Race River Dalbergia (Brazil)
carved rosewood, (Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia)
villi Dalbergia (Brazil)
Dalbergia Central America (Mexico, Central America)
Albright Dalbergia (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos)
emarginate Dalbergia (Central America)
3, Millettia genus, chestnut trees are
a, chicken wing wood
African Millettia wood (African Congo Basin)
white Millettia wood (Myanmar, Thailand)
chestnut trees (South East Asia, China, Yunnan, Guangdong, introduction and cultivation)
4, Diospyros
a, ebony
ebony (Sri Lanka and southern India)
ebony thick flap (tropical West Africa)
hair drug Ebony (Philippines)
Phonesay ebony (Philippines)
b, striped ebony
苏拉威西乌 wood (India 尼苏拉威西 Island)
ebony Philippines (Philippines)
kinds of characteristics: with a legend.
identification reference:
erhu wood choose our immediate goal is to: make wood more conducive to the performance of music; so we should be concerned about its value, but the overall selection and price inseparable from, the more interesting is the high value often high in price, so the question on the answer selection much easier, the following value to the timber Sort by:
Sort by category: (class of individual children may be wrong)
red sandalwood> incense sticks of wood> Black ebonylike wood type> section ebony (Ebony) Indonesian production> Red ebonylike wood type> chicken wing wood> rosewood class
popular rankings: lobular red sandalwood \ Hainan pear, Vietnam, pear, big leaf sandalwood, red wood Laos, striped ebony (ebony), Myanmar, Southeast Asia, pear, African chicken wings.
reference:
detailed below some trees:
sandalwood red sandalwood
commonly known as: \
origin: southern India, mainly in Maisuoerbang the other types of sandalwood were summarized in rosewood class.
characteristics: dry wood density greater than water (1.05 to 1.26 grams / cubic centimeter) heavier and some more, small brown eyes, obvious grain, texture staggered, and some local curly hairs similar to the growth wheel is not obvious, no odor or very faint clean scent (open or file), there is the oil texture, with fluorescent
survive in the world: very little, because slow-growing, non-for hundreds of years can not become useful, felling the Ming Dynasty and exhausted, when not yet clear back to life, put the source dried up, slow growing, five years before the year round, to 800 years can become useful.
Price: Expensive
identification:
instruments: material density, crisp, more than a century the best
Dalbergia odorifera
commonly known as: yellow rosewood Hainan, Hainan yellow sandalwood, pear
Origin: China Hainan Island Diaoluoshan Jianfengling low-altitude plains and hilly areas, many grow about 100 meters above sea level in the Diaoluoshan sunny place.
characteristics: density less than water (0.82 to 0.94 grams / cubic centimeter), clear lines, continuous and vivid, fragrant odor, make people very uncomfortable smell, wood fluorescence (in the bright light will transform angle Color Change
of) strong, with very few materials of Huang Hai, a majority of yellow density less than sea water, which is placed in water unsinkable.
survive in the world: a small, pear scarce because of Hainan, in the first half of last century, the national ban on logging, only a small root of the timber can be used as medicine management, so it is extremely treasure.
Price: red sandalwood after lobular
instruments: moderate hardness
Lushi black Dalbergia
commonly known as: large-leaved red sandalwood
Origin: Africa and Madagascar
characteristics: heartwood new power surface is orange, after a long time become purple with black stripes, sour aroma, density 0.95 g / cm
survive in the world: a lot of very common
Price: expensive
instruments: high-grade
old mahogany what is it? Zhang’s long mahogany it?
of Austria’s red rosewood Dalbergia – old mahogany, and sometimes the old redwood in northern China is another name for the red wood, not the age-old mahogany.
features: wood in dark red often there are the dark brown or black stripes, gives a vintage feel.
】 【Figure 9 Auburn’s Dalbergia
What is rosewood? Red sandalwood red sandalwood and big leaf leaflet What difference?
red sandalwood in the traditional sense is: sandalwood red sandalwood (lobular red sandalwood) and Romer black Dalbergia (big leaf sandalwood)
sandalwood red sandalwood density greater than water, placed in water immediately sink to the bottom,easy indian recipes, and its pattern was not obvious, brown eyes (a small wood on the appearance of fine lines) as ox hair-like, small and crushed, the aroma is not strong, the wood showing a dark purple. Note that the new color of red sandalwood leaflets open, put a long time become purple.
【Figure 9】 sandalwood red sandalwood
Romer black Dalbergia (big leaf sandalwood) aroma of weak acid; structure very fine to fine; texture staggered; a partial curly, shiny. Very heavy weight, air-dry density 0.95g/cm3
【Figure 10】 Romer black Dalbergia
lobular red sandalwood is said to become extinct long ago, why shop everywhere?
First, there is no genocide, see:
survive in the world but due to slow growth does little expensive, surely most of the fake store, or big leaf sandalwood
Vietnam and Hainan pear pear What’s the difference? Reference:
Vietnam pear, yellow color similar to the sea, but the lines do not live chaos, not spiritual, not beautiful, slightly pungent odor, fluorescence slightly worse, slightly larger brown eyes, hair looks dry, there is no butter of the great sea, the density is less than water, is indeed difficult to distinguish.
Here are the yellow and the yellow sea comparison chart:
【Figure 11】 Vietnam pear
【Figure 12】 Hainan pear
Ebony
it? What is it and rosewood relationship?
ebony what is it? Expensive?
provisions ebony black ebony is another name, mainly in India, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and other countries. Ebony obvious difference between heartwood and sapwood, sapwood white (with cinnamon or Qinghui) to reddish brown; heartwood black (black or slightly turbid jade color) and irregular black heartwood (white arrangement of dark and light stripes). Shiny wood, no special smell. Texture black and white, until the shallow cross, Myanmar and uniform structure, corrosion, durability, material hard-heavy, delicate, is a very rare precious timber furniture and handicrafts.
air-dry density greater than 0.90g/cm3, and lobular red sandalwood does not matter a bit like a big leaf sandalwood. See above ranking valuable degree.
【Figure 12】 provisions of Ebony and ebony
What is wood? What is the relationship it mahogany?
wood including red ebonylike wood type, black ebonylike wood etc, is the national standard mahogany 5 are two types of 8 classes, a lot of information on that white ebonylike wood type, there is no national standard mahogany in \
3 species recognition method of red wood material, can be summarized as \
a look at the new crop. Using a knife, in a red wood door in the side scraped a few times, the whole wood chips fall, which revealed a new red stubble. If the inside exposed white stubble, indicating that material is dyed colors. As long as not painting the furniture, this approach would apply. (But generally will not give you scratch it!)
second look at the texture. In general, the color of deep red wood density, ring bear, texture clear and straight. The color of light the relative density of red wood, loose rings, some dark, the surface looks like a fog.
3 to see the black bars. Deep black color of the red rosewood bars and more obvious, and it’s purplish red bottom □ distinct black and red. The light color of the red wood have less black bars, even if the former is not as obvious.
rosewood class and black and red wood wood different?
The first is the weight of a difference is the rosewood sandalwood wood are less flexible and more floating in the water. 7 Rosewood (more Cambodian rosewood,south indian cooking, Andaman red sandalwood, red sandalwood hedgehog, Indian rosewood, sandalwood large fruit, cystic red sandalwood, red sandalwood birds feet) of air-dry density of 0.53-1.01 grams per cubic centimeter (an average of 0.79-0.91 grams per cubic cm); red ebonylike wood multi-Shen in water. 7 Red ebonylike wood (Dalbergia Brazil, the state tournament Dalbergia, Cochin Dalbergia, hair Dalbergia, Central America Dalbergia, Albright yellow Dalbergia, emarginate Dalbergia) of air-dry density of 0.90-1.22 grams per cubic centimeter (an average of 1.02-1.14 grams per cubic centimeter). Shen also more black ebonylike wood in water, eight kinds of black ebonylike wood (Dalbergia knife-like black, black rosewood, and broadleaf Dalbergia, black rosewood, Romer, East African black rosewood, Brazilian rosewood, black, yellow Amazon Tan, Belize Dalbergia) of air-dry density of 0.82-1.33 grams per cubic centimeter (an average of 0.92-1.06 grams per cubic centimeter
followed by sawdust flooding fluid fluorescence phenomenon. Water extracts of wood shavings, rosewood Class with fluorescence phenomena (birds foot red sandalwood the most significant), while the red ebonylike wood class and no class black ebonylike wood
there is the smell. Rosewood wood more than a pungent aromatic odor, and red, black and wood type was more than a strong acid smell incense.
another type of wood is rosewood over to the Department of bulk porous materials or semi-diffuse porous ring porous wood tend to clear the red, black and wood is diffuse porous wood category
Finally, the pear class material color reddish brown to purple, uniform, and Ray organizational isomorphism, no tendency of the organization shaped rays are usually separate. Red, black and ebonylike wood type wood color purple or reddish brown to black, uniform, and often mixed with dark stripes. Ray tissue is usually the same shape and orientation significantly shaped, usually two, separate smaller rays.
grass mahogany that? Mahogany it?
Identification of the source below 【
Pterocarpus including those belonging to the national standard of red sandalwood, rosewood, rosewood mahogany type and does not belong to the sub-pear (also known as the African pear or pear grass, grass mahogany) Asian pear is much cheaper than the rosewood
Pterocarpus total of 30 kinds of wood, red sandalwood wood which only one, that is, sandalwood red sandalwood. There are seven categories rosewood timber. The seven types of wood are: Andaman and red sandalwood, red sandalwood hedgehog, the more Cambodian rosewood, Indian rosewood, birds foot red sandalwood, cystic red sandalwood, red sandalwood large fruit. Sub-class has more than 20 kinds of rosewood. This is more than 20 kinds of wood close to the nature and rosewood, but the density and so can not fully meet the national standard in regard to the required standard rosewood, which is called \
now appear on the Chinese market mainly Africa, Asia and rosewood sandalwood, Angola purple good at two. Both wood pores larger diameter because the density was classified as a relatively small Asian rosewood in the market, some people call it \
The following are the two \
1. African rosewood: Height 15-30m, diameter 60-100cm, produced in Nigeria, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (DRC), Ghana, Gabon, Angola, Cameroon and other places. The heartwood timber was orange, brick red or purple, often with dark stripes, scratches can be seen; wood shavings or sawdust flooding fluid fluorescence aroma. African rosewood fine structure, texture staggered, wood shrinkage of small, medium-weight, basic density 0.55-0.67g/cm3.
2. Angola Rosewood: Wood sapwood is light gray or yellow, the width of 3-5cm, heartwood wood color from brown to purple-brown, sometimes with dark stripes, with the obvious difference between sapwood. Angola sandalwood growth rings clearer, wood and shiny, with faint fragrance. The wood shrinkage of small, medium-weight, air dry density of about 0.64g/cm3.
purchase Summary:
First, the erhu is the main component of wood, first select the wood, the light of identification methods described above. A, sandalwood red sandalwood (lobular red sandalwood) and Dalbergia odorifera (Hainan pear) priceless, often difficult to buy; B, the provisions of ebony (Ebony), especially Indonesia, the most expensive production in a few thousand dollars; C, Albright Dalbergia (narrow old mahogany), black wood type more usually a thousand dollars; D, high-quality red wood type (density, color depth, texture dense, blue veins and more); E, rosewood ; F, defective red wood (white wood), G, Asian pear (pear grass, grass mahogany) lower density than mahogany :0.55-0 .67 g; H, chicken wing wood prices and the Asian pear quite; I, other miscellaneous wood
Second, look at sound. To try-outs subject to as much as possible to try a few piano, try a few more places to know the brand or the same price as the strings sometimes sound very different, good erhu is able to stand the test of time.
Third, look at work. In general, the more work the more delicate quality erhu more rough otherwise.
Fourth, look at the price. Cheap price but high quality erhu.
fifth, which followed is to see film, A, film of the particles larger. B, film composition in the yellow color as possible.
Sixth, and finally see fiddlestick, good arch of the standard three, A, bow to long and straight. B, bow hair bow hair should be white and more and Qi. C, arch bar section should be few and small.
seventh addition, can also be teachers, experts recommend that a brand model optimistic and buy kind.